Qualitative risk analysis of aquiring amr salmonella e. enteritidis infection by consuming chicken meat and egg produced by smallscale commercial poultry farms in ethiopia - JARA

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Review article (Published On: 30-Mar-2020)

Qualitative risk analysis of aquiring amr salmonella e. enteritidis infection by consuming chicken meat and egg produced by smallscale commercial poultry farms in ethiopia

Samson Terefe Kassa

J. Agri. Res. Adv., 02 (01):29-38

Samson Terefe Kassa: Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

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Article History: Received on: 01-Jan-20, Accepted on: 27-Mar-20, Published on: 30-Mar-20

Corresponding Author: Samson Terefe Kassa

Email: terefe.samson@yahoo.com

Citation: Kassa ST (2020). Qualitative risk analysis of aquiring amr salmonella e. enteritidis infection by consuming chicken meat and egg produced by smallscale commercial poultry farms in ethiopia. J. Agri. Res. Adv., 02 (01):29-38

Abstract

Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (AMRSE) has been the major cause of the food-borne Salmonellosis pandemic in humans over the last 20 years, during which contaminated hen’s eggs were the most important vehicle of the infection. Eggs can be contaminated on the outer shell surface and internally. There are indications that AMRSE survives the attacks with the help of antimicrobial molecules during the formation of the egg in the hen’s oviduct and inside the egg. The risk assessment initially set out to understand how the incidence of human Salmonellosis is influenced by various factors, from the agricultural phase of chicken meat and egg production, through marketing, processing, distribution, retail storage, consumer storage and meal preparation, to final consumption. A farm-to-table exposure assessment should consider all possible scenarios where human illness results from AMRSE in eggs. In Ethiopia, the small-scale commercial poultry production is done with poor biosecurity and with indiscriminate use of antibiotics. I described the pathway of AMRSE transmission from origin (Chicken) to victim and the changes that occur along the way and used a fault tree, based on backward or deductive logic, to link effect with cause. I then developed a scenario showing the typical flow of poultry meat and egg from chicken farm to consumer and assigned processes according to each step as defined by the modular process risk model approach (the farm-to-fork pathway). I used the definitions and methodology of the Codex Alimentarius, which describes risk assessment as a scientifically based process consisting of hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This qualitative risk analysis shows the risk of acquiring AMRSE infection in human by consuming eggs and meat in Ethiopia is Moderate with high uncertainty due to lack of data.

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